IoT-Based Package Drop Box System Using Arduino Uno and ESP32-CAM
Abstract
The rapid growth of e-commerce activity in Indonesia has led to a surge in package delivery volumes, resulting in increased workloads for couriers and a higher risk of delivery failures when recipients are not present at the delivery location. This issue demands an innovative solution that can address logistical challenges in an automated, secure, and efficient manner. This study aims to design and implement an IoT-Based Package Drop Box system that integrates Arduino Uno, Wemos D1 Mini, ESP32-CAM, and the GM66 barcode scanner, along with a web interface and WhatsApp notification service. The methodology follows a prototype engineering approach consisting of need analysis, system design, implementation, and hardware-software testing phases. The test results demonstrate that the system can successfully verify package tracking numbers via barcode scanning at an optimal distance of 10–19 cm, automatically unlock the box, capture images inside the drop box using ESP32-CAM, and send real-time delivery notifications to users via WhatsApp. The system is also capable of storing data locally when the internet connection is lost and synchronizing it once the connection is restored. The findings conclude that the integrated system provides a practical and reliable solution to common delivery issues and has the potential to be further developed for smart home environments or broader Internet of Things-based logistics systems.
Downloads
References
H. KALKHA, A. Khiat, A. Bahnasse, and H. Ouajji, “The rising trends of smart e-commerce logistics,” IEEE Access, vol. PP, p. 1, 2023, doi: https://doi.org/10.1109/ACCESS.2023.3252566.
W. Weryani, L. Lisniawati, H. Hamsani, and R. Susi, “E-Commerce Trends in Indonesia : A Literature Review on Adaptation and Consumer Behavior,” in Proceedings of the 1st International Conference of Economics, Management, Accounting, and Business Digital (ICEMAB 2024), Atlantis Press International BV, 2024, pp. 35–41. doi: https://doi.org/10.2991/978-94-6463-614-7.
A. Rejeb, S. Simske, K. Rejeb, and H. Treiblmaier, “Internet of Things Internet of Things research in supply chain management and logistics : A bibliometric analysis,” Internet of Things, vol. 12, no. 100318, 2020, doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.iot.2020.100318.
A. Wahyu, “Jejak Inovasi Teknologi E-Commerce Di Indonesia : Perkembangan Dan Tantangan Di Era Digital,” J. Ilmu Sains dan Teknol., vol. 1, no. 1, pp. 12–17, 2025, [Online]. Available: https://artmediapub.id/index.php/JIST/article/view/68
N. Zhang, R. Bahsoon, N. Tziritas, and G. Theodoropoulos, “A Digital Twin Approach for Adaptive Compliance in Cyber-Physical Systems : Case of Smart Warehouse Logistics,” IEEE Trans. Syst. MAN, Cybern. Syst., vol., no., pp. 1–10, 2023.
Q. Zhang and E. Demir, “Parcel locker solutions for last mile delivery : a systematic literature review and future research directions,” Front. Futur. Transp, vol. 6, pp. 1–18, 2025, doi: https://doi.org/10.3389/ffutr.2025.1654621.
J. Allen, M. Browne, A. Woodburn, and J. Leonardi, “The Role of Urban Consolidation Centres in Sustainable Freight Transport,” Transp. Rev., vol. 32, no. 4, pp. 473–490, 2012, doi: https://doi.org/10.1080/01441647.2012.688074.
R. Mangiaracina, A. Perego, A. Seghezzi, and A. Tumino, “Innovative solutions to increase last-mile delivery efficiency in B2C e-commerce: a literature review,” Int. J. Phys. Distrib. Logist. Manag., vol. 49, no. 9, pp. 901–920, 2019, doi: https://doi.org/10.1108/IJPDLM-02-2019-0048.
P. K. M. Gowda, H. K. Ruthvik, R. S. Nathanya, D. Shetty, and P. C. K. N, “Enhancing Parcel Management by IoT Enabled Smart Locker System,” Int. Adv. Res. J. Sci. Eng. Technol., vol. 12, no. 11, pp. 256–261, 2025, doi: https://doi.org/10.17148/IARJSET.2025.121145.
M. Mokhsin et al., “Intelligent Parcel Receiving Box System ( ParcelRestBox ) Towards the Future of Malaysia Smart City Development,” J. Electr. Syst., vol. 20, no. 10, pp. 4326–4336, 2024, [Online]. Available: https://journal.esrgroups.org/jes/article/view/6068
R. D. Handayani, Z. Jamal, L. Rosmalia, N. H. Sudibyo, and M. Alkahfiansyah, “Intelligent and Secure Package Receiver System Utilizing Internet of Things ( IoT ) Technology,” Vokasi Unesa Bull. Eng. Technol. Appl. Sci., vol. 2, no. 3, 2025, doi: https://doi.org/10.26740/vubeta.v2i3.38254.
K. A. Valli, B. Yuvaraju, G. A. Kumar, M. H. Girish, M. Mouli, and Y. Misra, “International Journal of Research Publication and Reviews Smart Parcel Delivery Receiving Box for Secure Parcel Drop-Off,” Int. J. Res. Publ. Rev., vol. 6, no. 10, pp. 5853–5860, 2025, doi: https://doi.org/10.55248/gengpi.06.1025.3789.
A. S. Shuaibu, A. S. Mahmoud, and T. R. Sheltami, “A Review of Last-Mile Delivery Optimization : Strategies , Technologies , Drone Integration , and Future Trends,” Drones, vol. 9, pp. 1–46, 2025, doi: https://doi.org/10.3390/drones9030158.
H. Y. Song and H. Han, “A Design of a Parcel Delivery System for Point to Point Delivery with IoT Technology,” MDPI Futur. Internet, vol. 12, no. 70, pp. 1–13, 2020, doi: https://doi.org/10.3390/fi12040070.
A. Al-fuqaha, M. Guizani, M. Mohammadi, M. Aledhari, and M. Ayyash, “Internet of Things : A Survey on Enabling Technologies , Protocols and Applications,” IEEE Commun. Surv. Tutorials, vol. 17, no. 4, pp. 2347–2376, 2015, doi: https://doi.org/10.1109/COMST.2015.2444095.
S. V Nthin, S. Nithin, S. N. Nithish, V. Nithishwara, and N. Jothy, “SMART AND SECURE PARCEL MANAGEMENT USING IOT,” Int. J. Res. Anal. Rev., vol. 12, no. 2, pp. 788–793, 2025, doi: https://doi.org/10.6084/m9.doi.one.IJRAR25B215.
X. L. Y. M. Tang, K. Y. Chau, D. Xu, “Consumer perceptions to support IoT based smart parcel locker logistics in China,” J. Retail. Consum. Serv., vol. 62, 2021, doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jretconser.2021.102659.
M. Jonathan, D. Hendriana, and H. Nasution, “Development of Smart Locker System with Simultaneous User Access Capabilities for Warehouse Package Handovers,” J. Appl. Sci. Adv. Eng., vol. 3, no. 1, pp. 1–6, 2025, doi: https://doi.org/10.59097/jasae.v3i1.48.
W. U. Khan and S. Arabia, “IoT-Based Smart Lockers: A Validation for the Saudi Arabian Market,” J. Bus. Manag. Stud., pp. 218–221, 2025, doi: https://doi.org/10.32996/jbms.
U. Azrin, I. Ziad, and S. Suroso, “Rancang Bangun Smart Box Penerima Paket Berbasis IoT Menggunakan Raspberry Pi,” Emit. J. Tek. Elektro, vol. 22, no. 2, pp. 118–125, 2022, doi: https://doi.org/10.23917/emitor.v22i2.19405.
F. Dila Faza, D. Mardiyanti, E. Budihartono, and A. Winarso, “Smart Box Penerima Paket Berbasis Website Menggunakan Esp32-Cam Dan Notifikasi Telegram,” J. Manuf. Enterp. Inf. Syst., vol. 1, no. 2, pp. 103–115, 2023, doi: https://doi.org/10.52330/jmeis.v1i2.176.
F. Junaidi, Jasmir, and W. Riyadi, “Perancangan Box Penerimaan Paket Berbasis IoT,” J. Inform. Dan Rekayasa Komput., vol. 4, no. 2, pp. 1032–1039, 2024, doi: https://doi.org/10.33998/jakakom.v4i2.
C. Valupi, T. Ariyadi, N. Paramyta, and T. D. Purwanto, “Prototipe Sistem Smart Box untuk Keamanan Penerimaan Paket Online Shopping,” J. Ilm. Univ. Batanghari Jambi, vol. 25, no. 1, pp. 964–971, 2025, doi: https://doi.org/10.33087/jiubj.v25i1.5675.
Y. W. Saputra and R. Z. Abidin, “Perancangan Sistem Penerimaan Paket Otomatis Berbasis Internet of Things ( Iot ) Untuk Mendeteksi dan Mengamankan Paket Pengiriman,” J. Sains Student Res., vol. 3, no. 5, pp. 1094–1104, 2025, doi: https://doi.org/10.61722/jssr.v3i5.6437.
E. D. Febriyanti, Alimuddin, and H. M. Putra, “Rancang Bangun Penerimaan Box Paket Berbasis Internet of Things (IoT),” vol. 2, no. 1, pp. 37–45, 2024, doi: https://doi.org/10.29408/jprinter.v2i1.23825.
